Akkermansia Muciniphila Probiotic Granules * Live Long * Weight Control Dogadan Bizim (5)

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Wang, K.; Wu, W.; Wang, Q.; Yang, L.; Bian, X.; Jiang, X.; Lv, L.; Yan, R.; Xia, J.; Han, S.; et al. The negative effect of Akkermansia muciniphila-mediated post-antibiotic reconstitution of the gut microbiota on the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer in mice. Front. Microbiol. 2022, 13, 932047. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed] Meng, X., Zhang, J., Wu, H., Yu, D. & Fang, X. Akkermansia muciniphila Aspartic Protease Amuc_1434* Inhibits Human Colorectal Cancer LS174T Cell Viability via TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis Pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 3385 (2020). Johansson, M. E. V. et al. Composition and functional role of the mucus layers in the intestine. Cell. Mol. life Sci.: CMLS 68, 3635–3641 (2011). Lv, Q.-B. et al. A thousand metagenome-assembled genomes of Akkermansia reveal new phylogroups and geographical and functional variations in human gut. (2020). Harte, A. L. et al. Elevated endotoxin levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J. Inflamm. (Lond.) 7, 15 (2010).

Muccioli, G. G. et al. The endocannabinoid system links gut microbiota to adipogenesis. Mol. Syst. Biol. 6, 392 (2010).The bacteria can restore intestinal barrier function, which can reduce inflammation and eventually help manage the storage of fat, energy expenditure and glucose metabolism.

Zheng, J. et al. Dietary inflammatory potential in relation to the gut microbiome: results from a cross-sectional study. Br. J. Nutr. 124, 931–942 (2020). Qu, S.; Fan, L.; Qi, Y.; Xu, C.; Hu, Y.; Chen, S.; Liu, W.; Liu, W.; Si, J. Akkermansia muciniphila Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Acute Colitis by NLRP3 Activation. Microbiol. Spectr. 2021, 9, e0073021. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed] Cani, P.D.; de Vos, W.M. Next-Generation Beneficial Microbes: The Case of Akkermansia muciniphila. Front. Microbiol. 2017, 8, 1765. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Werner, M., Tönjes, A., Stumvoll, M., Thiery, J. & Kratzsch, J. Assay-dependent variability of serum insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test: influence on reference intervals for insulin and on cut-off values for insulin sensitivity indices. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 46, 240–246 (2008).

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Ashrafian, F.; Shahriary, A.; Behrouzi, A.; Moradi, H.R.; Keshavarz Azizi Raftar, S.; Lari, A.; Hadifar, S.; Yaghoubfar, R.; Ahmadi Badi, S.; Khatami, S.; et al. Akkermansia muciniphila-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Mucosal Delivery Vector for Amelioration of Obesity in Mice. Front. Microbiol. 2019, 10, 2155. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Ringel, Y. et al. High throughput sequencing reveals distinct microbial populations within the mucosal and luminal niches in healthy individuals. Gut microbes 6, 173–181 (2015). Li, J., Lin, S., Vanhoutte, P. M., Woo, C. W. & Xu, A. Akkermansia Muciniphila Protects Against Atherosclerosis by Preventing Metabolic Endotoxemia-Induced Inflammation in Apoe−/− Mice. Circulation 133, 2434–2446 (2016).

Zhang, X. et al. Human gut microbiota changes reveal the progression of glucose intolerance. PLoS ONE 8, e71108 (2013). David, L. A. et al. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature 505, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12820 (2014).

Author Contributions

One of the critical features of A. muciniphila is that it is very "slimy" because it is covered in molecules known as exopolysaccharides. These slimy compounds prevent white blood cells from breaking down a beneficial protein known as Amuc_1100, found in the cell membrane surrounding A. muciniphila . It turns out that this protein is the secret to the bacteria's beneficial effects. Crespo-Piazuelo, D. et al. Association between the pig genome and its gut microbiota composition. Sci. Rep. 9, 8791 (2019).

However, if your diet isn’t as good as it could be, or you’re looking for a boost, high-quality supplements from natural sources can really help. For instance, research has shown that fish oil does boost Akkermansia levels Source: NCBI. Fang, S. et al. Faecal microbiota and functional capacity associated with weaning weight in meat rabbits. Microb. Biotechnol. 12, 1441–1452 (2019). Yan, J.; Sheng, L.; Li, H. Akkermansia muciniphila: Is it the Holy Grail for ameliorating metabolic diseases? Gut Microbes 2021, 13, 1984104. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed] Monteiro SS, Schnorr CE, Pasquali MAB. Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics-Current State of Scientific Research and Future Trends toward the Development of Functional Foods. Foods. 2023 Jun 16;12(12):2394.As a result, A. muciniphila has been shown to be more effective when it is dead vs. live. It is not alone in this effect; several lactic acid-producing probiotic organisms, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacter species, have also been effective when heat-killed. The effectiveness of these "zombie" or dead microbes is challenging the commercial dogma that the only effective probiotic bacteria live as expressed in colony-forming units (CFUs). That is not the case for A. muciniphila . What Makes Akkermansia muciniphila Important? Wang, F.; Cai, K.; Xiao, Q.; He, L.; Xie, L.; Liu, Z. Akkermansia muciniphila administration exacerbated the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer in mice. J. Cancer 2022, 13, 124–133. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Zhang, C. & Zhao, L. Strain-level dissection of the contribution of the gut microbiome to human metabolic disease. Genome Med. 8, 41 (2016). Liu, Y. et al. TLR4 regulates RORγt+ regulatory T-cell responses and susceptibility to colon inflammation through interaction with Akkermansia muciniphila . Microbiome 10, 98 (2022). Berer, K.; Gerdes, L.A.; Cekanaviciute, E.; Jia, X.; Xiao, L.; Xia, Z.; Liu, C.; Klotz, L.; Stauffer, U.; Baranzini, S.E.; et al. Gut microbiota from multiple sclerosis patients enables spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2017, 114, 10719–10724. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]